منابع مشابه
Rethinking Overspecification in Terms of Incremental Processing
Speakers often overspecify their referring descriptions by including more information than what is required to uniquely distinguish a referent. Although overspecification has received a substantial amount of attention, the factors that play a role in determining this behaviour are not yet well understood. Given evidence of cross-linguistic difference between English and Spanish regarding oversp...
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We propose a framework for the automatic verification of PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) programs written in Instruction List, one of the five languages defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard. We propose a formal semantics for a significant fragment of the IL language, and a direct coding of this semantics into a model checking tool. We then automatically verify rich behavioral properties wri...
متن کاملTrainable Referring Expression Generation using Overspecification Preferences
Referring expression generation (REG)models that use speaker-dependent information require a considerable amount of training data produced by every individual speaker, or may otherwise perform poorly. In this work we present a simple REG experiment that allows the use of larger training data sets by grouping speakers according to their overspecification preferences. Intrinsic evaluation shows t...
متن کاملEffects of scene variation on referential overspecification
This study presents the results of two experiments conducted to investigate how the amount of variation between target and distractor objects in a visual scene influences referential overspecification. We hypothesized that as this variation gets higher, speakers tend to include more redundant information in their target descriptions. The results showed that this was indeed the case. We suggest ...
متن کاملEnhancing Instruction of Written East Asian Languages with Sketch Recognition-Based “Intelligent Language Workbook” Interfaces
For American higher education students studying one of more of the major East Asian languages that are Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) as a second language, one of the major challenges that students face is the mastery of those languages’ various written scripts due to their vast contrasts from written English. Conventional pedagogical resources for written CJK frequently rely on languages ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Linguistics
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0024-3949,1613-396X
DOI: 10.1515/ling.2011.017